10 - Manufacture of food products

This Chapter has been extracted from the ONS Explanatory Notes and provides a more detailed explanation of possible activities that could fall within the SIC Codes related to the Chapter.

This division includes the processing of the products of agriculture, forestry and fishing into food for humans or animals, and includes the production of various intermediate products that are not directly food products. The activity often generates associated products of greater or lesser value (for example, hides from slaughtering, or oilcake from oil production).

This division is organised by activities dealing with different kinds of products: meat, fish, fruit and vegetables, fats and oils, milk products, grain mill products, animal feeds and other food products.
Production can be carried out for own account, as well as for third parties, as in custom slaughtering.

This division does not include the preparation of meals for immediate consumption, such as in restaurants.

Some activities are considered manufacturing (for example, those performed in bakeries, pastry shops, and prepared meat shops etc. which sell their own production) even though there is retail sale of the products in the producers' own shop. However, where the processing is minimal and does not lead to a real transformation, the unit is classified to wholesale and retail trade (section G).

Preparation of food for immediate consumption on the premises is classified to division 56 (Food and beverage service activities).

Production of animal feeds from slaughter waste or by-products is classified in 10.9, while processing food and beverage waste into secondary raw material is classified to 38.3, and disposal of food and beverage waste in 38.21.

10.1 Processing and preserving of meat and production of meat products

10.11 Processing and preserving of meat

This class includes:
- operation of slaughterhouses engaged in killing, dressing or packing meat: beef, pork, lamb, rabbit, mutton, camel, etc.
- production of fresh, chilled or frozen meat, in carcasses
- production of fresh, chilled or frozen meat, in cuts

This class also includes:
- slaughtering and processing of whales on land or on specialised vessels
- production of hides and skins originating from slaughterhouses, including fellmongery
- rendering of lard and other edible fats of animal origin
- processing of animal offal
- production of pulled wool

This class excludes:
- rendering of edible poultry fats, see 10.12
- packaging of meat, see 82.92


10.12 Processing and preserving of poultry meat

This class includes:
- operation of slaughterhouses engaged in killing, dressing or packing poultry
- production of fresh, chilled or frozen meat in individual portions
- rendering of edible poultry fats

This class also includes:
- production of feathers and down

This class excludes:
- packaging of meat, see 82.92


10.13 Production of meat and poultry meat products 

This class includes:
- production of dried, salted or smoked meat
- production of meat products:
• sausages, salami, puddings, "andouillettes", saveloys, bolognas, pâtés, rillettes, boiled ham

This class excludes:
- manufacture of prepared frozen meat and poultry dishes, see 10.85
- manufacture of soup containing meat, see 10.89
- wholesale trade of meat, see 46.32
- packaging of meat, see 82.92

10.2 Processing and preserving of fish, crustaceans and molluscs

10.20 Processing and preserving of fish, crustaceans and molluscs 

This class includes:
- preparation and preservation of fish, crustaceans and molluscs: freezing, deep-freezing, drying,
cooking, smoking, salting, immersing in brine, canning etc.
- production of fish, crustacean and mollusc products: fish fillets, roes, caviar, caviar substitutes etc.
- production of fishmeal for human consumption or animal feed
- production of meals and solubles from fish and other aquatic animals unfit for human consumption

This class also includes:
- activities of vessels engaged only in the processing and preserving of fish
- processing of seaweed

This class excludes:
- processing and preserving of fish on vessels engaged in fishing, see 03.11
- processing of whales on land or specialised vessels, see 10.11
- production of oils and fats from marine material, see 10.41
- manufacture of prepared frozen fish dishes, see 10.85
- manufacture of fish soups, see 10.89

10.3 Processing and preserving of fruit and vegetables

10.31 Processing and preserving of potatoes

This class includes:
- processing and preserving of potatoes:
• manufacture of prepared frozen potatoes
• manufacture of dehydrated mashed potatoes
• manufacture of potato snacks
• manufacture of potato crisps
• manufacture of potato flour and meal

This class also includes:
- industrial peeling of potatoes


10.32 Manufacture of fruit and vegetable juice

This class includes:
- manufacture of fruit or vegetable juices

This class also includes:
- production of concentrates from fresh fruits and vegetables


10.39 Other processing and preserving of fruit and vegetables

This class includes:
- manufacture of food consisting chiefly of fruit or vegetables, except ready-made dishes in frozen or canned form
- preserving of fruit, nuts or vegetables: freezing, drying, immersing in oil or in vinegar, canning etc.
- manufacture of fruit or vegetable food products
- manufacture of jams, marmalades and table jellies
- roasting of nuts
- manufacture of nut foods and pastes

This class also includes:
- manufacture of perishable prepared foods of fruit and vegetables, such as:
• salads; mixed salads, packaged
• peeled or cut vegetables
• tofu (bean curd)

This class excludes:
- manufacture of fruit or vegetable juices, see 10.32
- manufacture of flour or meal of dried leguminous vegetables, see 10.61
- preservation of fruit and nuts in sugar, see 10.82
- manufacture of prepared vegetable dishes, see 10.85
- manufacture of artificial concentrates, see 10.89


10.4 Manufacture of vegetable and animal oils and fats 

This group includes the manufacture of crude and refined oils and fats from vegetable or animal materials, except rendering or refining of lard and other edible animal fats.


10.41 Manufacture of oils and fats

This class includes:
- manufacture of crude vegetable oils: olive oil, soya-bean oil, palm oil, sunflower-seed oil, cotton-seed oil, rape, colza or mustard oil, linseed oil etc.
- manufacture of non-defatted flour or meal of oilseeds, oil nuts or oil kernels
- manufacture of refined vegetable oils: olive oil, soya-bean oil etc.
- processing of vegetable oils: blowing, boiling, dehydration, hydrogenation etc.

This class also includes:
- manufacture of non-edible animal oils and fats
- extraction of fish and marine mammal oils
- production of cotton linters, oilcakes and other residual products of oil production

This class excludes:
- rendering and refining of lard and other edible animal fats, see 10.11
- manufacture of margarine, see 10.42
- wet corn milling, see 10.62
- manufacture of corn oil, see 10.62
- production of essential oils, see 20.53
- treatment of oil and fats by chemical processes, see 20.59


10.42 Manufacture of margarine and similar edible fats 

This class includes:
- manufacture of margarine
- manufacture of melanges and similar spreads
- manufacture of compound cooking fats

10.5 Manufacture of dairy products

10.51 Operation of dairies and cheese making

10.51/1 Liquid milk and cream production


This subclass includes:
- manufacture of fresh liquid milk, pasteurised, sterilised, homogenised and/or ultra heat treated
- manufacture of cream from fresh liquid milk, pasteurised, sterilised, homogenised

This subclass excludes:
- production of raw milk (cattle), see 01.41
- production of raw milk (sheep, goats, horses, asses, camels, etc.), see 01.43, 01.44, 01.45
- manufacture of non-dairy milk substitutes, see 10.89


10.51/2 Butter and cheese production


This subclass includes:
- manufacture of butter
- manufacture of cheese and curd
This class excludes:
- manufacture of non-dairy cheese substitutes, see 10.89


10.51/9 Manufacture of milk products (other than liquid milk and cream, butter, cheese) n.e.c.


This subclass includes:
- manufacture of milk-based soft drinks
- manufacture of dried or concentrated milk whether or not sweetened
- manufacture of milk or cream in solid form
- manufacture of yoghurt
- manufacture of whey
- manufacture of casein or lactose

10.52 Manufacture of ice cream

This class includes:
- manufacture of ice cream and other edible ice such as sorbet

This class excludes:
- activities of ice cream parlours, see 56.10

10.6 Manufacture of grain mill products, starches and starch products

This group includes the milling of flour or meal from grains or vegetables, the milling, cleaning and polishing of rice, as well as the manufacture of flour mixes or doughs from these products. Also included in this group is the wet milling of corn and vegetables and the manufacture of starch and starch products.

10.61 Manufacture of grain mill products

10.61/1 Grain milling


This subclass includes:
- grain milling: production of flour, groats, meal or pellets of wheat, rye, oats, maize (corn) or other cereal grains
- manufacture of flour mixes and prepared blended flour and dough for bread, cakes, biscuits or pancakes

This subclass excludes:
- wet corn milling, see 10.62 


10.61/2 Manufacture of breakfast cereals and cereals-based foods


This subclass includes: 
- manufacture of cereal breakfast foods
- rice milling: production of husked, milled, polished, glazed, parboiled or converted rice; production of rice flour
- vegetable milling: production of flour or meal of dried leguminous vegetables, of roots or tubers, or of edible nuts

This subclass excludes:
- manufacture of potato flour and meal, see 10.31

10.62 Manufacture of starches and starch products

This class includes:
- manufacture of starches from rice, potatoes, maize etc.
- wet corn milling
- manufacture of glucose, glucose syrup, maltose, inulin etc.
- manufacture of gluten
- manufacture of tapioca and tapioca substitutes prepared from starch
- manufacture of corn oil

This class excludes:
- manufacture of lactose (milk sugar), see 10.51
- production of cane or beet sugar, see 10.81

10.7 Manufacture of bakery and farinaceous products

This group includes the production of bakery products, macaroni noodles and similar products.

10.71 Manufacture of bread; manufacture of fresh pastry goods and cakes

This class includes:
- manufacture of bakery products:
• bread and rolls
• pastry, cakes, pies, tarts, pancakes, waffles, etc.

This class excludes:
- manufacture of dry bakery products, see 10.72
- manufacture of pastas, see 10.73
- heating up of bakery items for immediate consumption, see division 56


10.72 Manufacture of rusks and biscuits; manufacture of preserved pastry goods and cakes

This class includes:
- manufacture of rusks, biscuits and other dry bakery products
- manufacture of preserved pastry goods and cakes
- manufacture of snack products (cookies, crackers, pretzels etc.), whether sweet or salted

This class excludes:
- manufacture of potato snacks, see 10.31

10.73 Manufacture of macaroni, noodles, couscous and similar farinaceous products 

This class includes:
- manufacture of pastas such as macaroni and noodles, whether or not cooked or stuffed
- manufacture of couscous
- manufacture of canned or frozen pasta products

This class excludes:
- manufacture of prepared couscous dishes, see 10.85
- manufacture of soup containing pasta, see 10.89

10.8 Manufacture of other food products

This group includes the production sugar and confectionery, prepared meals and dishes, coffee, tea and spices as well as perishable and specialty food products.

10.81 Manufacture of sugar

This class includes:
- manufacture or refining of sugar (sucrose) and sugar substitutes from the juice of cane, beet, maple and palm
- manufacture of sugar syrups
- manufacture of molasses
- production of maple syrup and sugar

This class excludes:
- manufacture of glucose, glucose syrup, maltose, see 10.62


10.82 Manufacture of cocoa, chocolate and sugar confectionery

10.82/1 Manufacture of cocoa, and chocolate confectionery


This subclass includes:
- manufacture of cocoa, cocoa butter, cocoa fat, cocoa oil
- manufacture of chocolate and chocolate confectionery

This subclass excludes:
- manufacture of white chocolate, see 10.82/2

10.82/2 Manufacture of sugar confectionery 


This subclass includes:
- manufacture of sugar confectionery: caramels, cachous, nougats, fondant, white chocolate
- manufacture of chewing gum
- preserving in sugar of fruit, nuts, fruit peels and other parts of plants
- manufacture of confectionery lozenges and pastilles

This subclass excludes:
- manufacture of sucrose sugar, see 10.81

10.83 Processing of tea and coffee

10.83/1 Tea processing 


This subclass includes:
- blending of tea and maté
- manufacture of extracts and preparations based on tea or maté

This subclass also includes:
- manufacture of herb infusions (mint, vervain, chamomile etc.)

This subclass excludes:
- manufacture of inulin, see 10.62
- manufacture of spirits, beer, wine and soft drinks, see division 11
- preparation of botanical products for pharmaceutical use, see 21.20


10.83/2 Production of coffee and coffee substitutes 


This subclass includes:
- decaffeinating and roasting of coffee
- production of coffee products:
• ground coffee
• soluble coffee
• extracts and concentrates of coffee
- manufacture of coffee substitutes

This subclass excludes:
- manufacture of inulin, see 10.62
- manufacture of spirits, beer, wine and soft drinks, see division 11
- preparation of botanical products for pharmaceutical use, see 21.20


10.84 Manufacture of condiments and seasonings 

This class includes:
- manufacture of spices, sauces and condiments:
• mayonnaise
• mustard flour and meal
• prepared mustard etc.
- manufacture of vinegar

This class also includes:
- processing of salt into food-grade salt, e.g. iodised salt

This class excludes:
- growing of spice crops, see 01.28


10.85 Manufacture of prepared meals and dishes

This class includes the manufacture of ready-made (i.e. prepared, seasoned and cooked) meals and dishes. These dishes are processed to preserve them, such as in frozen or canned form, and are usually packaged and labelled for re-sale, i.e. this class does not include the preparation of meals for immediate consumption, such as in restaurants. To be considered a dish, these foods have to contain at least two distinct ingredients (except seasonings etc.).

This class includes:
- manufacture of meat or poultry dishes
- manufacture of fish dishes, including fish and chips
- manufacture of vegetable dishes
- manufacture of frozen or otherwise preserved pizza

This class also includes:
- manufacture of local and national dishes

This class excludes:
- manufacture of fresh foods or foods with less than two ingredients, see corresponding class in division 10
- manufacture of perishable prepared foods, see 10.89
- retail sale of prepared meals and dishes in stores, see 47.11, 47.29
- wholesale of prepared meals and dishes, see 46.38
- activities of food service contractors, see 56.29


10.86 Manufacture of homogenised food preparations and dietetic food 

This class includes:
- manufacture of foods for particular nutritional uses:
• infant formulae
• follow-up milk and other follow-up foods
• baby foods
• low-energy and energy-reduced foods intended for weight control
• dietary foods for special medical purposes
• low-sodium foods, including low-sodium or sodium-free dietary salts
• gluten-free foods
• foods intended to meet the expenditure of intense muscular effort, especially for sportsmen
• foods for persons suffering from carbohydrate metabolism disorders (diabetes)


10.89 Manufacture of other food products n.e.c.

This class includes:
- manufacture of soups and broths
- manufacture of artificial honey and caramel
- manufacture of perishable prepared foods, such as:
• sandwiches
• fresh (uncooked) pizza
- manufacture of food supplements and other food products n.e.c.

This class also includes:
- manufacture of yeast
- manufacture of extracts and juices of meat, fish, crustaceans or molluscs
- manufacture of non-dairy milk and cheese substitutes
- manufacture of egg products, egg albumin
- manufacture of artificial concentrates

This class excludes:
- manufacture of perishable prepared foods of fruit and vegetables, see 10.39
- manufacture of frozen pizza, see 10.85
- manufacture of spirits, beer, wine and soft drinks, see division 11

10.9 Manufacture of prepared animal feeds

10.91 Manufacture of prepared feeds for farm animals

This class includes:
- manufacture of prepared feeds for farm animals, including concentrated animal feed and feed supplements
- preparation of unmixed (single) feeds for farm animals

This class also includes:
- treatment of slaughter waste to produce animal feeds

This class excludes:
- production of fishmeal for animal feed, see 10.20
- production of oilseed cake, see 10.41
- activities resulting in by-products usable as animal feed without special treatment, e.g. oilseeds (see 10.41), grain milling residues (see 10.61) etc.


10.92 Manufacture of prepared pet foods

This class includes:
- manufacture of prepared feeds for pets, including dogs, cats, birds, fish etc.

This class also includes:
- treatment of slaughter waste to produce animal feeds

This class excludes:
- production of fishmeal for animal feed, see 10.20
- production of oilseed cake, see 10.41
- activities resulting in by-products usable as animal feed without special treatment, e.g. oilseeds, (see10.41), grain milling residues (see 10.61) etc.

 

For all queries related to this Chapter or any other aspect of SIC Codes, please contact the Office of National Statistics on 01329 444970 or email classifications.helpdesk@ons.gov.uk.